This text was written by Eugenio Barba on April 12th, 1987, in Bahía Blanca, Argentina, during the Encuentro Internacional de Teatro Antropológico (International Meeting of Anthropological Theatre) organised by Teatro Alianza with theatre groups from Latin America and Europe. Here Barba identifies the differences between theatre anthropology and anthropological theatre. Barba's text first appeared in English within an article by Ian Watson, Third Theatre in Latin America in The Drama Review: TDR, Winter 1987, 31 (4): 18-24.